Illness as an Altered State of Consciousness
From the point of view of Life Medicine
there is no need to scientifically find or prove causal links or
relations between ‘body and mind ’, ‘body and brain ’.
Instead it is a matter of recognising that every bodily state is
a ‘mental’ state, but in a much broader sense than usually
understood – being a state of consciousness that is experienced
just as much in a bodily way as in our ‘minds’.
No ‘subjective’ state or ‘state of
consciousness’ is merely something enclosed or encapsulated in our
heads, brains or minds. Conversely the body as such is not something
we merely perceive or are merely aware of ‘mentally’ – as if it
were some object we carry around with us. Instead the body itself is
but a particular shape and dimension of subjective experiencing –
one that completely transcends the whole body-mind, body-brain
division. This is why the notion of the ‘felt body ’, ‘lived
body‘ or ‘subjective body‘ is so central to Life Medicine –
and to the new understanding of illness it brings. For this new
understanding makes it impossible, in principle, to separate our
lived experience of illness into two separate categories that we call
‘mental’ and ‘physical’.
A basic principle of Life Medicine is
that every bodily state is
also a state of consciousness
and vice versa. That
is why the experience of any bodily state or condition, even a minor
ailment such as a flu or cold goes together with a new and different
state of consciousness – a state of consciousness that is not
limited to one's head or mind but pervades one’s entire body.
Conversely, different types of ‘mental’
or ‘emotional’ states are also states of consciousness not
confined to the head or mind – but felt and experienced in a bodily
way, for example as a particular sensation arising from a state of
muscular tension in one’s chest, stomach or guts.
“Every feeling is… a mood that
embodies in this or that way.”
Martin Heidegger
What we call a ‘mood’
however, is nothing we are simply mentally aware of in our heads, but
is rather a particular tone and quality of embodied, feeling
awareness – one which is always in one way embodied as different
degrees and qualities of muscle
tone and tension – which is
why no state of ‘mental’ stress or tension is not at the same
time a state of muscular tension.
“A mood makes manifest how one is…”
Martin Heidegger
In other words, a mood is not just
something purely mental but is a bodily way of feeling
ourselves.
This is reflected in the fact that the question 'How
do you feel?' is synonymous
with the question 'How are
you?’ For the way we ‘feel’
is the way we ‘are’ –
and vice versa.
For this reason however, any alteration
or change in how
we feel or are is at the same time a change in our sense of who
we are or feel ourselves to be
–
a change in our identity or sense of self that is felt in an
immediate bodily way. For in a most literal sense the ‘you’ that
feels sick or tired is not the same
‘you’ that feels healthy, bright and alert.
Thus, not only is every bodily
state also a state
of consciousness – it could
also be described as a ‘self-state’ or ‘body identity’. For
the way we feel our bodies cannot be separated from the way we feel
ourselves. How
we feel in our body affects not just our mind but who
we feel ourselves to be – our ‘bodily sense of self’ or ‘body
identity ’. That is why, when people begin to feel ill they might
speak of ‘not feeling themselves’. This basic ‘dis-ease’ of
‘not feeling ourselves’ is both the essence and first sign of
illness – being not only an altered state of consciousness (how we
feel) but also an alteration of our bodily sense of self or body
identity – of who
we feel ourselves to be.
The Immune System and Body Identity
In the framework of biomedicine ‘body
identity‘ is reduced to our genetic or biological
identity and associated in
particular with the immune system – which is seen as ‘defending’
our biological identity against threats and attacks from ‘foreign
bodies’ in the form of pathogenic bacteria, viruses or mutant and
cancerous cells, or any type of genetic material such as organ
transplants that consist of ‘non-self’ cells (a term actually
used in immunology).
Today more than ever, much fuss is made
about ‘health’ being dependent on maintaining or restoring a
strong ‘immune system’ or with strengthening the body’s immune
‘defences’, which is why countless food products and supplements
are advertised that claim to do so. On the other hand even
biomedicine acknowledges that most discomforting or painful symptoms
of illness (such as a runny nose or swelling and painful joints )
arise from the activity of the body’s immune system. Indeed many
illnesses are recognised as resulting from an immune system that is
too strongly defensive and as a result is overactive
– leading to so-called ‘autoimmune’ diseases such as arthritis
in which the body’s immune ‘defences’ are used to attack its
own cells. Alternatively, the body’s immune system may be at such a
high alert and so overactive and ‘strong’ for long periods that
it ultimately weakens or collapses. Its very strength and activity
therefore may ultimately result in precisely the sort of weakness
that makes the body susceptible to infection and other types of
illness.
In contrast to biomedicine, Life Medicine
understands the strength of our immune system – the degree of
immunity of our bodies –
as an embodiment
of the degree of immunity of our self
or identity.
Thus a too rigid or
strongly defended
identity or sense of self – one completely ‘immune’ to natural
and healthy processes of change
and adaptation to life – may find biological expression through an
over-defensive
and over-active immune
system, which then actively seeks out threats
to our biological identity
that would otherwise be ignored or are ignored by the immune systems
of other people. An over-rigid or immune self
– or one that experiences
deep identity conflicts
– would explain many so-called ‘auto-immune’ disorders. A more
healthily and naturally ‘strong’ identity or sense of self on the
other hand would also explain what biomedical immunology can’t
explain – why some people ‘catch’ diseases which are supposed
to be highly infectious whilst others don’t – even from spouses
or children they live with or during widespread epidemics. Nor can
biomedical immunology explain why most of the bacteria, viruses and
even damaged, mutated and ‘cancerous’ cells that biological
medicine regards as ‘causes’ of diseases are all in fact
constantly present
in most healthy bodies.
Biomedicine simply takes it for granted
that ‘health’ is the protection of a fixed
biological and genetic identity – one ‘immune’ from all change.
The problem with this theory is that it prevents biomedicine from
coming up with any explanation of why it is that the immune system,
though it may launch attacks on transplanted cells and tumours, does
not
launch attacks on a no less alien or foreign body that can grow
within the human body – namely the baby growing in a pregnant
mother’s womb? And whilst biomedicine has effectively come to treat
pregnancy and birth as something fraught with as many dangers as an
illness, therefore requiring hospitalisation and the use of hi-tech
medical equipment, the body itself clearly does not regard pregnancy
as a disease or the baby as an alien or foreign body growing inside
it – despite the differences in its DNA to that of the mother. Life
Medicine, on the other hand, understands ‘health’ itself as a
capacity to allow our body identity or sense of self to be altered
and transformed in response to our life world and life experiences.
That is why, instead of treating
pregnancy as if it were a type of illness,
Life Medicine understands illness
itself as a type of pregnancy
– the meaning and purpose of which is precisely to allow us to
gestate and give birth to a new ‘bodily sense of self’ or ‘body
identity’. A key aspect of health, not as a mere state but as an
on-going life process
is therefore the capacity to pass from a state of ‘not feeling
ourselves’ to one of ‘feeling another self’ – and of learning
to embody or ‘give birth’ to that self through new and different
ways of relating to our lives and life world.